文/集团教育资源中心 郑庆利

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    本文从考试题源、题型特点、话题规律三个方面对2011年1-3季度task 2真题进行了统计总结，并建立在科学统计的基础上结合历年考试规律为同学们指出了今年一季度的备考方法，提供了重点预测题供同学们练习。此外，文章一部分（PART Ⅲ）谈及了task 1的备考思路。


PART Ⅰ1-3季度Task 2考试总结

    截至2011年9月21号，今年中国大陆考区共考试35次。总体上来讲，task 2的考试可谓波澜不惊。本文将从题源、题型以及话题分类的三大角度对task 2考题进行分析。

题源分析

    从题源的角度上来看（如下图所示），大部分题目是以前题库题目的直接重考（O）或稍微改写之后重考（T）,两者相加占了总考题数量的83%，这些题目在新航道的内部讲义和出版的写作教材中基本上都能找到原题及相关范文（具体可参考《雅思写作考试教程》及《就是要你过雅思写作6.5》）。

    35道考题当中，只有6道为新题，仅占有17%的比例，且这些所谓的新题，话题没有变化，只是角度上有所变化、翻新而已。对于今年出现这些新题，第四季度考试的同学不需要准备，但是打算2012年考试的同学必须认真思考。 具体题目请参考本文附录部分。


 
题型分析

    从题型的角度上来看（如下图所示），前三季度的考试中，28道题目为Argumentation类题型，其中讨论一个观点型题目（A-3）为13道，讨论两个观点型题目（A-2）为9道，讨论利弊型题目（A-1）为6道，总体上占了80%的比例。3道为RP类题型，4道为argumentation和RP 类题目的综合考察。我们给同学们精心挑选了不同题型的训练题，具体请参考本文Part II 部分。




注：
Argumentation类题型指讨论一个话题或者针对某一观点发表看法，包括discuss, agree or disagree, what do you think等提问方式；
RP类题型指讨论一个问题的原因结果，并提出一定的解决方案，包括why is this the case, what are the reasons/causes, what measures should be taken等提问方式。

话题分析

    从话题的角度上看（如下图所示），35个题目中，考试次数最多的四大话题分别为教育、社会问题、文艺体育和媒体广告，占了总题目数量的60%。从话题的角度来看，今年的考试情况跟往年相对比而言，具有三大特征：
1.    题库的超级重点话题---科技类话题只出了3次，这意味着一个季度的考试中它将成为重中之重；
2.    题库的超级重点话题---教育类话题目前为止考过7次，并集中出现在8-9月份，从历年考试情况来看，一个季度尤其是11-12月，它将是重中之重；
3.    文艺体育和媒体广告类话题的考察已基本饱和，非饱和的其他题库小话题应该是考生第四季度的备考重点；

第四季度的具体预测题目，请参考本文Part II部分。

 



PARTⅡ 第四季度备考策略及预测


第四季度的Task 2备考要把握3个主要原则：

1.    全面准备三大题型

    今年前三个季度的考试题型延续了往年的既有模式，没有任何创新，所以我们只要按部就班，全面准备，即可确保万无一失。为此， 我们提醒即将参加考试的同学们一定要针对每类题目的特点准备相应的解题方法、思路结构，并且对这些内容要“烂于胸，熟于笔”，不仅要在思想上能认清对方，一定要限时训练，培养出写作的“手感”。

推荐题型训练题：
作为全面有效的复习备考，同学们需要思考并确保会处理以下题目：
1)    It has been suggested that everyone in the world wants to own a car, a TV and a fridge. Do you think the disadvantages of such a development outweigh advantages?
2)    In many countries traditional foods are being replaced by international fast foods. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
3)    The government should control the levels of violence in films or on television in order to decrease the levels of violent crime in the society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
4)    Some people say politicians promote the development of society. However, others believe that it is scientists who have more influence on the world. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
5)    International travel seems to make people more prejudiced rather than broad-minded. What do you think are the reasons for people to fail to benefit from the international travel and how to improve the understanding between different countries?
6)    The movement of people from agricultural areas to cities to work can cause serious problems in both places. What are the serious problems and what measures can be taken to solve the problems?


2.    直击题库，把握“母题”

    今年前三季度的考试中，29道题目在题库中都能找到其原题或与之相似的旧题，只有6道较新的题目。综合历年出题情况，第四季度的考试中一定是大部分仍以旧题为主。

    因此， 同学们应首先熟悉近雅思写作考试题库，可参考新航道内部讲义，其中分话题总结了历年写作题目。其次，同学们应该把握题库中最核心的具有举一反三性质的“母题”，这样我们才能在题海中做到游刃有余。

关于“母题”：
其他题目都是在它基础上演变而来，故称之为母题。下面方框中是题库中的一道核心“母题”：



请仔细观察下面的题目：

    Some people think the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentence. Others, however, think there are better alternative ways to reduce crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
显然，这道题目跟母题#18是极其相似的，在写两道题目时很多素材和语句是可以相互替换的。

请同学们仔细观察下面两道犯罪类题目：

    Research suggests that the majority of criminals who were sent to prisons would continue to commit crimes when set free. Why do you think this is the case? What can be done to solve this problem?2009.6.13
    Some people think lawbreakers should be sent to prisons while others claim they should be made to work in communities. Discuss both and give your own opinion. 2009.9.17

    显然，2009年这两道题目仍然在讨论如何处理罪犯/犯罪的话题，跟母题#18仍然是异曲同工。如果一个考生在考试之前已经很好的思考或者练习了母题#18，或者看了其范文，那可想而知，这个学生更容易获得好成绩甚至是超常的发挥——即使这些题目在所谓的题型上并不一致。

    我们在深入研究历年题考题的基础上总结了雅思写作题库的核心母题，并配以高分范文，以为各位同学的备考提供些方便。 同学们可搜索关键词“雅思写作题库核心母题”，或加入我的微博了解更多内容：www.weibo.com/zhengqingli。

3.    高分无它，唯手熟尔

    在考试之前，考生应该进行大量练习，从题型和题库话题两个方面选取足量的题目进行练习。练习可以分为两个部分：题型部分的练习以研究规律、熟悉写作方法为主，可以采取不限时训练的方式，建议大家把我们推荐的6道题目全部写一遍；题库母题部分的练习以训练速度、积累素材和词汇为主，所以需要采取限时训练的形式，建议大家把我们推荐的15道第四季度预测题全部写一遍（如果时间有限，不能完成，需要写作较详细的提纲）。

    在跟同学们的交流中，我们发现很多同学考试之前只写过2-3篇文章，甚至有的同学篇完整的作文是在考场上完成的。这种情况实在令人担忧。我们需要很严肃的提醒同学们：没有足量的练习，就没有写作的提高，也没有高分的保证。总体来讲，高分写作的诞生，“无它，唯手熟尔”!

4. 第四季度雅思写作Task 2预测
根据前三季度的考试特点，第四季度考试应以科技、教育、社会问题为主，其中设计犯罪问题、老人问题、政府等方面，请参考具体题目。

1)    Some people argue that teaching children of different abilities together benefits all of them. Others believe that intelligent children should be taught separately and given special treatment. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
2)    Some people think teachers have a greater influence than parents on the development of a child’s intelligence and social skills. Do you agree or disagree?
3)    Children who are brought up in families which don't have large amounts of money are better prepared to deal with the problem of adult life than children brought up in wealthier families. Do you agree or disagree？
4)    It is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be. What are the possible reasons for this and what can be done to reverse the trend?
5)    Some people think the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentence. Others, however, think there are better alternative ways to reduce crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
6)    Some countries introduce a law to limit working hours for employees. Why is this kind of law introduced? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
7)    In many cities, planners have separated schools, homes, shops, and offices in specific areas that are widely separated from each other. Do you think the advantages of this policy outweigh the disadvantages to the city residents?
8)    Many countries aim to improve living standards by economic development, but some important social values are lost as a result. Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages?
9)    Some people think that by paying taxes they have made enough contribution to their society, others think there are more responsibilities than paying taxes. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
10)    Differences between countries are becoming less evident nowadays. People tend to have the same films, music, brands, TV channels, etc. To what extent do you think the disadvantages outweigh the advantages?
11)    Today, a range of technology available increases the gap between the rich and the poor. Some people think it produces the opposite effects. Discuss both views.
12)    It is now possible to perform everyday tasks, such as bank transaction, shopping or even office works, without meeting people face to face. What are the effects it may have on individuals and the society as a whole?
13)    With the increasing use of mobile phones and computers, less people tend to write letters. Some people even think the skill of writing letters will disappear completely. To what extent do you agree or disagree? How important do you think letter writing is?
14)    Many people believe that the increasing use of modern technology at work and in leisure is reducing people’s creativity. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
15)    In many countries，the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend have positive or negative effects on the society？
（相关范文可参考新航道雅思培训自学参考《就是要你过雅思写作6.5》）



PART Ⅲ 第四季度Task 1备考策略

前三季度的task 1考试中，跟往年相比没有太大的变化。 各题型考试次数和比例如下：



值得注意的是，1-9月份已经出现3次流程图（flow）的考察，分别是0604、0813和0917，一个季度需要注意的是地图题（map）的准备。

我们建议考生从以下几个方面复习task 1：
1.    重视地图题和流程图：从剑桥真题或者新航道写作教材中选择典型题目研究其范文，总结写作思路和表达，并进行写作练习。
2.    分题型准备四类数据类图表作文： 每一种题目需要准备思路及相关词汇，要重点训练bar/table/pie三种复杂图形的数据分析以及有效的比较对比。第四季度重点在table，bar和complex（混合图形）。
3.    重视限时模考训练：完全按照考试状态在规定时间（20min）内写作task 1题目，每种题型练习2篇，熟方能生巧。

总体上来说，第四季度的task 1备考应该是“一颗红心，两手准备”，既要准备常规的数据类图表作文，又要准备地图和流程图题目，以防“天有不测风云”，做到有备无患。
更多雅思写作备考信息和预测更新请关注：
www.weibo.com/zhengqingli


附录部分：
2011年1-3季度雅思写作task 2新题
2011.1.15   
Some workplaces tend to employ an equal number of women and men. Do you think it is positive or negative for the social development?
2011.3.12   
Competitiveness is very important for people in modern society. What are the positive and negative effects on individuals?
2011.4.30   
Foreign tourists should be charged more than local people when visiting cultural and historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree
2011.7.28   
In schools and universities, some girls tend to study liberal arts, but boys choose to study science. Why is this case happening? Should this tendency be changed?
2011.7.30   
Some people think government should ban all forms of dangerous sports. Others believe that people should be free to make decisions on their own. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
2011.8.27   
All over the world people watch foreign films much more than local produced films. Why? Should the government provide financial support to the local film industries?
（原文摘自新航道《雅思第1频道》2011下半年刊）

作者简介：北京新航道学校雅思写作主讲、大学英语四级主讲。四川大学英语语言文学学士。胡敏雅思教材第六代之《雅思写作教程5分-6.5分》主要编纂者之一，代表作《就是要你过雅思写作6.5分》。因其在雅思写作研究与教学方面的突出成绩，被北京市海淀区政府教委授予“2009北京市海淀区教师”称号。其授课风格幽默风趣、激情飞扬，以实用有效的写作技能教授出无数雅思写作高分学生，被学员亲切称为“小强老师”。

（作者：郑庆利  责编：王超）