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【2012年11月17日】雅思阅读机经回忆及解析

2013-06-27 13:21 供稿单位: 北京新航道

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下面新航道雅思频道为大家整理了雅思机经的回忆及解析，供考生们参考，以下是详细内容。

　　11月17日的雅思考试已经落下帷幕，“战后归来”的烤鸭们，想对自己的考试成绩和结果一探究竟;“蠢蠢欲动”备战近期考试的烤鸭们，想对的考题和考情辨别水深水浅

。

　　新航道“雅思梦之队”，时间为你点评11月17日考试，解读雅思听力、口语、阅读、写作考情。首先我们一起来看一下本次考试雅思阅读部分的内容：

　　(Reading)

　　Title：生物技术仿生学

　　Type of Questions： BionicsMatching, T/F/NG

　　【文章概要】

　　Passage 1

　　中文概要：主要是讲生物技术，利用自然做成其他东西的三个阶段。

　　英文参考：Bionics (also known as biomimicry, biomimetics, bio-inspiration, biognosis, and close to bionical creativity engineering) is the application of

biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology.

　　The word bionic was coined by Jack E. Steele in 1958, possibly originating from the technical term bion (pronounced bee-on) (from Ancient Greek, meaning

'unit of life' and the suffix -ic, meaning 'like' or 'in the manner of', hence 'like life'. Some dictionaries, however, explain the word as being formed as a

portmanteau from biology + electronics. It was popularized by the 1970s television series The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman, which were based

upon the novel Cyborg by Martin Caidin, which was influenced by Steele's work, and feature humans given superhuman powers by electromechanical implants.

　　The transfer of technology between lifeforms and manufactures is, according to proponents of bionic technology, desirable because evolutionary pressure

typically forces living organisms, including fauna and flora, to become highly optimized and efficient. A classical example is the development of dirt- and

water-repellent paint (coating) from the observation that the surface of the lotus flower plant is practically unsticky for anything (the lotus effect).

　　The term "biomimetic" is preferred when reference is made to chemical reactions.[citation needed] In that domain, biomimetic chemistry refers to

reactions that, in nature, involve biological macromolecules (for example, enzymes or nucleic acids) whose chemistry can be replicated using much smaller

molecules in vitro.

　　Examples of bionics in engineering include the hulls of boats imitating the thick skin of dolphins; sonar, radar, and medical ultrasound imaging

imitating the echolocation of bats.

　　In the field of computer science, the study of bionics has produced artificial neurons, artificial neural networks, and swarm intelligence. Evolutionary

computation was also motivated by bionics ideas but it took the idea further by simulating evolution in silico and producing well-optimized solutions that

had never appeared in nature.

　　It is estimated by Julian Vincent, professor of biomimetics at the University of Bath's department of mechanical engineering Biomimetics group, that "at

present there is only a 12% overlap between biology and technology in terms of the mechanisms used"

　　Title：会唱歌的鸟

　　Type of Questions：Heading, summary, sentence completion

　　【文章概要】

　　Passage 2

　　中文概要：主要讲了几种鸟类和哺乳动物。讲鸟的声音及新用处，与人的声音进行对比。

　　英文参考：Why birds sing

　　A Red-eyed Vireo sings more than 20,000 songs a day. A Pileated Woodpecker drums on a tree at 15 beats per second. A Wilson's Snipe dives through the

air, the feathers on its wings vibrating to produce a winnowing sound, hu-hu-hu...

　　Why? Birds put a lot of effort into singing, drumming, winnowing, and otherwise displaying. They are trying to impress mates and proclaim territories.

　　Songs are often loud and repetitive, so they tend to be noticed more than other bird sounds. One observer commented that a Winter Wren sings "with

remarkable vehemence," as if he were "trying to burst [his] lungs." This tiny songster weighs just one-third of an ounce, but it sings with 10 times the

power of a crowing rooster, per unit weight. Birds may sing their songs thousands of times throughout the day. Dickcissels may spend as much as 70 percent of

the day singing while establishing territories and courting females.

　　Some birds have large repertoires--the Brown Thrasher can sing as many as 2,000 distinct songs. Other species, such as the Henslow’s Sparrow, seem to

have only one song.

　　In North America, we hear mostly males singing, because they typically take the lead in defending territories and attracting mates. However, especially

in the tropics, some species sing duets involving both the male and female.

　　Courtship serenades

　　How do scientists know why birds sing? Experiments with recorded songs have shown that birds sing to attract mates. House Wren songs broadcast near nest

boxes will attract female House Wrens, for example. Female birds may also judge the quality of a male's song when selecting a mate. Some studies have shown

that males with extra food on their territories are the most persistent singers, and in some species, the most persistent singers attract females the

soonest.

　　Playback experiments have also shown that songs are important in defending a territory. For example, male House Wrens respond aggressively to the

recording of another male's song, sometimes even attacking the loudspeaker. In other tests, researchers temporarily removed male birds from their territories

but played songs through speakers on some of the territories. Neighboring males were less likely to invade territories from which songs were broadcast,

showing that song means "Keep out!" to other birds.

　　Song is not the only "keep out" signal that birds use. Although Northern Mockingbirds sing complex songs on their territories during the breeding season,

they use only a loud chuck sound to declare their winter feeding territory. Some warblers also use just a simple call note on their winter feeding territory.

　　Singing on the wing

　　Some birds sing while in flight, especially species that nest in open areas such as grasslands or the Arctic tundra.

　　Male Western Sandpipers arrive in Alaska several days before the females and make frequent display flights over their territories as they utter their

flight song. Some display flights last up to five minutes and cover the sandpiper's territory. Others are rapid flights low over the tundra, followed by an

abrupt ascent.

　　Title：娱乐措施

　　Type of Questions：Heading, Y/N/NG, sentence completion

　　【文章概要】

　　Passage 3

　　中文概要：娱乐设施怎样做到刺激化，用迪士尼乐园举例，并提到娱乐设施并不是越刺激越好，否则会让人恐惧或者feel sick。

　　英文参考：Amusement parks and theme parks are terms for a group of entertainment attractions, rides, and other events in a location for the enjoyment of

large numbers of people. An amusement park is more elaborate than a simple city park or playground, usually providing attractions meant to cater specifically

to certain age groups, as well as some that are aimed towards all ages. Theme parks, a specific type of amusement park, are usually much more intricately

themed to a certain subject or group of subjects than normal amusement parks.

　　Amusement parks evolved from European fairs and pleasure gardens, which were created for people's recreation. The oldest amusement park in the world is

Bakken, north of Copenhagen, Denmark, which opened in 1583. In the United States, world's fairs and expositions were another influence on development of the

amusement park industry. Amusement parks have a fixed location, as opposed to traveling funfairs and carnivals.

　　In common language, the terms "theme park" and "amusement park" are often synonymous. However, a "theme park" can be regarded as a distinct style of

amusement park. A theme park has landscaping, buildings, and attractions that are based on one or more specific themes or stories. Despite many older parks

adding themed rides and areas, qualifying the park as a theme park, the first park built with the original intension of promoting a specific theme, Santa

Claus Land located in Santa Claus, Indiana, did not open until 1946. Disneyland, located in Anaheim, California, built around the concept of encapsulating

multiple theme parks into a single amusement park is often mistakenly cited as the first themed amusement park, but is instead the park that made the idea

popular.

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