三．Lexical resource

 

1. 具体要求

 

Lexical resource表示词汇。在官方给出的评分标准中，7分有这样的要求：

 

1. Uses sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision

 

2. Uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation

 

3. May produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formation

 

①灵活并且准确使用各种词汇。②正确搭配和使用不太普通的短语。

 

2. 范例评析

 

▲ 剑桥雅思全真试题7 Test2 Task2

 

Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should be taken into account when deciding the punishment.

 

Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

 

7.5分考生范文选段：固定不变的定罪制度和分情况灵活的定罪制度

 

On the one hand, fixed punishment will have a deterring effect on society. Individuals knowing that they will be subject to a certain punishment if they are convicted with a given crime will reconsider committing this act in the first place. This deterring effect also leads to social stability and security, through minimizing the number of crimes committed. If people knew they would be able to convince the court or the jury of reason for having committed the crime they are accused of, penal decisions would be largely arbitrary. This would result into criminals getting away with their crimes and into a high level of injustice caused by the subjective approach of different courts.

 

On the other hand, taking the circumstance of a crime and its motivation into consideration is a prerequisite for establishing and ensuring justice and equity. A person killing in self-defense cannot be compared to a serial killer, moving from one victim to the next.

 

1. 词汇的多样使用：

 

①认为consider  重新考虑reconsider  思考consideration

 

②惩罚（动词）Punish  惩罚（名词）punishment  惩罚的penal

 

③犯罪Crime  罪犯criminal

 

2. 短语的多样使用：

 

①服从be subject to

 

②判罪be convicted with

 

③犯罪commit crimes

 

④判决某人有某罪convince sb of sth

 

⑤方法the approach of

 

⑥考虑到take sth into consideration

 

⑦被指控be accused of

 

⑧前提a prerequisite for

 

⑨与某事相提并论be compared to

 

⑩理由reason for

 

3. 对策

 

①题干核心词与短语

 

“题干核心词与短语”是指在每个话题的题目中，会有一些出现频率比较高的名词或短语。雅思议论文题目虽多，但是可以按话题分为八大类：教育，科技，环境与动物，媒体与广告，政府，工作与生活，语言与文化，法律与犯罪。复习以雅思写作机经为主，关注近两年的写作题目。

 

②素材核心词与短语

 

“素材核心词与短语”主要是指某一类话题作文常会论证的角度，一般是由一些“实意词”为主。建议考生按照话题大量研读范文的主题句或是支持句，去积累和总结。

 

四．Grammatical range and accuracy

 

1. 具体要求

 

Grammatical range and accuracy表示语法的准确性和多样性。在官方给出的评分标准中，7分有这样的要求：

 

1. Uses a variety of complex structures

 

2. Produces frequent error-free sentences

 

3. Has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors

 

①能够使用各种复合结构。②句子无语法错误。③能够正确使用语法和标点。

 

2. 范例评析

 

▲ 剑桥雅思全真试题7 Test2 Task2

 

Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should be taken into account when deciding the punishment.

 

Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

 

7.5分考生范文选段：

 

On the one hand, fixed punishment will have a deterring effect on society. Individuals knowing that they will be subject to a certain punishment if they are convicted with a given crime will reconsider committing this act in the first place. This deterring effect also leads to social stability and security, through minimizing the number of crimes committed. If people knew they would be able to convince the court or the jury of reason for having committed the crime they are accused of, penal decisions would be largely arbitrary. This would result into criminals getting away with their crimes and into a high level of injustice caused by the subjective approach of different courts.

 

On the other hand, taking the circumstance of a crime and its motivation into consideration is a prerequisite for establishing and ensuring justice and equity. A person killing in self-defense cannot be compared to a serial killer, moving from one victim to the next.

 

1. 非谓语

 

①On the one hand, fixed punishment will have a deterring effect on society.

 

②This deterring effect also leads to social stability and security, through minimizing the number of crimes committed.

 

③This would result into criminals getting away with their crimes and into a high level of injustice caused by the subjective approach of different courts.

 

④A person killing in self-defense cannot be compared to a serial killer, moving from one victim to the next.

 

2. 虚拟语气

 

①If people knew they would be able to convince the court or the jury of reason for having committed the crime they are accused of, penal decisions would be largely arbitrary.

 

②This would result into criminals getting away with their crimes and into a high level of injustice caused by the subjective approach of different courts.

 

3. 对策

 

①避免常见语法错误

 

常见语法错误有：双谓语；介词搭配；并列结构。

 

②三大从句

 

熟练使用三大从句：名词性从句，状语从句，定语从句。

 

③特殊句型

 

倒装句，强调句，独立主格，非谓语。

 

，再次提醒考生：雅思作文阅卷考官全部是受过系统培训的native speaker, 具有丰富的批阅雅思作文的经验，他们对中国学生存在的问题有相当全面的了解。因此，如果中国考生想要获取作文7分，就必须根据自己的情况制定详细的备考计划并持之以恒。毋庸置疑，这终将是一场硬仗！