Recognize　认出；认可

　　Restrict　限制

　　Routine　日常事务（daily routine)

　　shrink 缩水；收缩

　　Vague 模糊的

词汇学习

　　recognize 认出；认可；赞同

　　[词形变化] recognition (n.) 识别；承认；赏识；recognizable (adj.) 可以辨认的

　　The town has changed so much that we could hardly recognize it. 城镇变化太大，我们都有点认不出来了。

　　The receptionist recognized him at once. 接待员马上认出了他。

　　At last, her father’s work has received popular recognition. 最终，她父亲的工作得到了大家的普遍赞赏/认可。

　　[词义辨析] 作“认出”讲时，recognize 和 identify (识别出)是同义词，但identify更强调从几个相似的物体中“辨别出”某一个来，而recognize仅表示“认出”某人/物来。

　　[实战训练]

　　The police are trying to find out the _______ of the woman killed in the traffic accident. 警方正在试图找到死于交通事故的那位女性的身份。

　　A. recognition  B. position  C. status   D. identity

　　Louis was asked to ________ the man who stole her purse. 路易斯被要求指认那个偷她钱包的男人。

　　A. confirm      B. recognize     C. claim    D. identify

　　Even though she hadn’t seen it for many years, the woman ________ her son’s handwriting at once. 虽然没有见过儿子的书法已经很多年，这位女人还是一眼就认出来了。

　　A. recognized   B. reconciled    C. recommended     D. recounted

　　restrict 限制

　　[词形变化] restriction (n.) 限制

　　There is talk of raising the admission requirements to restrict the number of students on campus. 有提高录取条件来限制校园里学生数量的说法。

　　I try to restrict my smoking to five cigarettes a day. 我力图限制自己每天只抽5支烟。

　　[词形联想] strict 严格的；严厉的

　　【辨析】restrict, limit, confine 三个词都有“限制”的意思，有时候可以互相通用，但侧重点略有不同。restrict 既可表示“限制发展，限制增长，限制数量”的意思（在这个意义上，restrict 和limit 是可通用的），又可表示“限制自由，限制活动”的意思（在这个意义上，restrict 不能和limit通用，但可以和confine 通用）；limit强调的是“限制数量”；confine强调的是将某人/物“限制在某个空间”(restrict 也可用于这个意思，但limit不能)。总体来说，restrict的适用范围比limit (限制数量)和confine (限制空间)都大。

　　[实战训练]

　　The supply of electric power to Madrid and neighboring districts had to be ____. 对马德里和周边地区的电量供应不得不限制。

　　A. weakened B. restricted C. omitted D. lowered

　　shrink 收缩；缩水

　　Will this shirt shrink in the wash? 这件衬衣洗过后会缩水吗？

　　[词形变化] shrank (过去式)；shrunk (过去分词)

　　[词形联想] sink 洗碗槽；下沉；shrine 圣殿；shriek 高声尖叫（=scream）

　　[实战训练]

　　If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with the result that incomes from taxation might actually_______. 如果商人苛税过重，他们就不再有动力努力工作，其结果是税收实际上可能缩减。

　　A. shrink B. delay C. disperse D. sink

　　Hot metal ________ as it grows cooler. 热金属遇冷收缩。

　　A. condenses     B. contracts      C. reduces     D. shrinks

　　routine （在特定时间，按照特定顺序定期做的）惯例，常规

　　So many days are routine and uninteresting, especially in winter.太多的日子都是平淡和无趣，尤其是在冬季。

　　[常见搭配] daily routine 日常惯例（即每天都要做的一成不变的事情，如吃饭、穿衣等）；routine test 例行测试;  routine work 惯常工作

　　[实战训练]

　　Because of the boring _______, we need to take a vacation every year. 因为日常生活枯燥无味，我们每年都需要休假。

　　A. routine B. surgery C. trifle D. sake

　　vague 模糊的

　　Through the fog we saw the vague outline of a ship. 透过雾，我们看到船的模糊轮廓。

　　[同义词]dim(暗淡的), faint(微弱的), obscure(模糊的，费解的), unclear(不清晰的)

　　[词义辨析] dim(暗淡的)侧重指很黑或很暗，看不清楚；faint(微弱的)指很难看见、听见或闻到等，也可指很虚弱；obscure(模糊的，费解的)意指不显眼或很难理解；unclear(不清晰的)意为难以理解而让人困惑；vague意为因详情不了解或他人表述不清而困惑，常和about搭配

　　[词组]have a vague idea/feeling/recollection隐约觉得/隐隐感到/隐约感觉

　　[实战训练]

　　What he is saying is somewhat ____ , I can’t understand him.他说的话有点模糊，我无法理解。

　　A. faint    B. dim    C. vague    D. obscurely

真题练习

　　从以上列表中选择词汇填空，注意形式变化。（答案见文后）

　　1. To begin with, the concept of “top students” is rather __________ or sometimes downright mistaken. As I see it, all university students are “top” in one way or another. Some of them may be good at their academic subjects, while others may excel in music, sports, designing, to mention only a few. As each student is unique in his/her own way, to sort out a few and label them as “top students” is senseless and misleading. (2017/6/24, 政府应该只资助学生吗？)

　　首先，“学生”这个概念相当模糊，有时候甚至是完全错误的。在我看来，所有大学生在某种方式上都是“”的。有些可能精于学业，另外一些可能在音乐、体育、设计等方面超过别人。由于每个学生都以自己的方式而独特，那么选出一些并标之以“学生”就是没有意义而且具有误导性的。

　　2. On the other hand, the younger generation may want their fun time outside and get away from the boring daily __________. This is also important because young people are full of energy which needs to be channeled in positive forms.(2018/10/27, 年轻人应该多在家还是在外面娱乐？)

　　另一方面，年轻一代可能希望在外面度过快乐时光，远离无聊的日常生活。这一点也很重要，因为年轻人充满了精力，需要以积极的形式加以疏导。

　　3. The reasons for this trend may involve the __________that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather _________ in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. （《剑桥雅思》高分范文，高中毕业生是否应该有间隔年？）

　　这个趋势的理由是人们意识到，高中毕业后直接上大学的年轻人在通用知识和世界经验方面相当匮乏。

　　4. Obviously, international charity groups can take advantage of the publicity of those famous people. They can draw more media attention and make more people __________ the importance of a certain issue. （2019/4/13, 名人支持国际救助组织是好还是坏？)

　　显然，国际慈善团体可以利用这些名人的曝光度。它们可以吸引更多的媒体关注，使更多的人认识到某个问题的重要性。

　　5. Mentally speaking, children who have more screen time are likely to have difficulty forming friendships and productive social networking. In their imagination, the world is ___________as they begin to stop engaging in real-life, preferring the fantasy world offered by technology instead.(2019/8/17, 父母应该允许孩子使用电子设备吗？)

　　从心理上讲，有更多屏幕时间的孩子很可能难以建立友谊和有效的社交网络。当他们开始停止融入现实生活时，在他们的想象中，世界正在缩小，转而更喜欢技术提供的幻想世界。

　　6. Today individuals are surrounded by all kinds of advertising, some of which is directly aimed at children and significantly influences them. It has been suggested that such advertisements ought to be __________ due to their detrimental impacts on youngsters. I am however not convinced by that.(2014/4/24，儿童广告是否应该禁止？）

　　今天各种广告包围了我们，有些是直接针对儿童的，极大地影响了儿童。有人提出，这样的广告应该被禁止，因为它们对孩子们有坏影响。但是我并不同意这一点。

　　7. It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school. The trend is not ___________ to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.（《剑桥雅思》高分范文，高中毕业生是否应该有间隔年？）

　　现在很常见的是，很多国家的年轻人高中毕业后暂时不上学。这个趋势并不仅限于那些有钱旅游的富裕学生，在较穷的学生那里，这个趋势也很明显，这些学生选择去工作，在一段时间里做到经济独立。

　　以上例句来自《2016-2020年雅思大作文真题解析及高分范文合集》！更多关于雅思考试的个性化问题敬请咨询新航道官网