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饼图 学生支出占比 – 2021.03.04真题

The chart below shows the spending by students in four different categories in one country from 1985 to 2015. 

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. 

* 数据图：【饼图】

* 此图为【同项不同时】：比较关系存在于同个饼的四个成分间，也存在于四个饼之间。

* 破题点：本图为相同间隔年份的四个时间点，构成微弱的线性关系，实则可转为线图对待。

【开头段】

Shown in the pies is how the proportions of students’ expenditure varied between 1985 and 2015. 

● 第1句开头的【倒装】。注意动词的单复数由倒置后的主语决定。

● how 引导名词性从句

【主体部分第1段】下降

写主体段前，先对表格信息进行分组：头尾比较，整体趋势看。

Most notably, there is a downward trend in the percentages of three categories respectively – food, clothes, and entertainment. Food is the most regular one, whose rate stabilized at 30% in the first decade but shrank by 10% twenty years later. However, the two remainders saw an irregularity. *Although students allocated a quarter of their overheads to both dressing and recreation, the proportion of the former peaked at 28% in 1995, nearly cut by half in the end, whereas that of the latter fluctuated around 12% in the next three decades.

● 第1句和后面的句子是【总——分】和【递进】关系。

● 【注意*句子的结构】 Although + 让步状语从句, 并列句1（cut by 为v.ed非谓语，意为“被削减了”）, whereas + 并列句2

● 【注意以下 常见单词不常见的词义】

● stabilize vi. 保持平稳

● shrink vi. 缩水

● allocate…to… vt. <尤指时间、金钱、精力>分配

● overhead n.[C] <常做复数>日常性支出

【主体部分第2段】上升+交点

By stark contrast, an upward tendency could be observed in the remainder. Though least money - only one fifth of the total spending – was allotted to rent, its rate experienced a relatively sharp increase of 10% every decade, and notably, students even spent a half of the expenditure on it in 2015. The year of 1995 is noteworthy, as it witnessed that the percentage of rent was equivalent to that of food, and afterwards, rent replaced food to hold the lion’s share. 

● 段与段之间的衔接也要做好

● 注意【现象描述】的写法，而不是单纯罗列数据

● equivalent to adj. 相等的（区别equal，平等的）

hold the lion’s share 占据*大的比例

【结尾段】

Overall, the gaps among the proportions of four categories widened up considerably.