3分钟就能学的雅思语法(第12期): 插入语在雅思阅读中的运用

雅思语法 06/21

  Hello小烤鸭们,我们一起来学习一下雅思阅读中经常见到却又时常让烤鸭感到力不从心的一个成分 — 插入语。

  插入语是一个对于句子内容起到补充说明作用的成分,是一个独立成分。它的存在可能会隔断句子原本通畅的含义,因而使整个句子看起来冗长而复杂。我们应对插入语的方式,是在识别出之后先略去不读,将被分隔的主句连接起来理解,再将插入语的部分补充上。

  一、前后破折号隔开的短语

  Eg. There are many other ways of getting positive results. These ranged from ‘sensory leakage’— where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver — to outright fraud.

  解析:本句的插入语非常好找到,通过前后的破折号就可以确定位置:“where……accidentally reach the receiver”即是。它的作用是对破折号前面的名词短语“sensory leakage”进行进一步的解释。如果没有这句插入语的话读者可能会对于本句提到的术语“sensory leakage”一头雾水,但是因为插入语进一步的解释说明,我们明白了它到底为何物,并且对句子内容的理解更为全面深刻。

  练习:请为句子“One form of pollution does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future”用前后带有破折号的插入语来解释说明pollution是造成全球气候变暖的温室气体的释放。

  示范:One form of pollution—the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming—does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future.

  二、举例说明:such as引导的短语

  Eg. In relationship of mutual dependence, such as between labor and management or within an organization or a family, the question of who is more powerful turns on who is less dependent on the other.

  解析:本句的插入语是一句对于主句内容的举例说明,从表示举例的表达“such as”上就可看出插入语是“such as …… or a family ”,这句插入语在进一步解释前文描述的“relationship”有哪些种类。举例是一种非常直观的解释,往往能让读者更加清晰的明白文章描述的抽象内容具体指什么。本句插入语解释了“relationship of mutual dependence”的具体种类,比如劳资关系、家庭关系和组织关系,使句意更加丰富有层次。

  练习:请给句子“Other personality traits are associated with a high boredom threshold”用“such as”引导的举例说明方式来解释“personality traits”中包括好奇心。

  示范:Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold.

  三、前后逗号隔开的短语

  Eg. It is the cornerstone of Standard English, an achievement which, in James Boswell’s words, “conferred stability on the language of his country”.

  解析:前两种插入语识别起来较为容易,因为破折号和“such as”的表述都非常明显。本句中的插入语相较于前两种来讲难度较大,因为前后用逗号隔开的短句不一定为插入语,所以需要在理解句意的基础上识别。例句中有两处前后引号隔开的地方,其一是“an achievement which”,另一处是“in James Boswell’s words”。那么该如何判断呢?在开头的时候我们说过,插入语是一个独立成分,所以如果被去掉是不会影响主句的语法结构的。“an achievement which”中很明显有一个从句引导词“which”,从句的主体部分就是“conferred ...... of his country”,所以这一句并不是插入语。插入语为“in James Boswell’s words”, 这种“in sb’s words”的表达意为“用…的话来说“,是一种常见的插入语。本句插入语让读者进一步了解了句子后部信息的出处,可以加深读者对于文章的理解。

  练习:请在句子“The 17th winter games are part of an Olympic tradition which goes back almost 3000 year”中加入一句前后用逗号隔开的插入语来解释说明“winter games”是在1994年的挪威举办的。

  示范:The 17th winter games, held in Norway in 1994, are part of an Olympic tradition which goes back almost 3000 year.

  总结:

  那么本期内容就到这里,希望大家在阅读中遇到插入语时可以更轻松的识别,同时也可以试试在雅思写作中运用插入语哦~