(1) every profession or trade, every art and science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary english, and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. (2) special dialects, or jargons, are necessary in technical discussions of any kind. (3) being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. (4) besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. (5) thousands of these technical terms are included in every large dictionary and are added to standard english dictionaries after thorough review. (6) different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. (7) in trades, handicrafts, and other vocations, such as farming and fishing, which had occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old.

　　(8) it consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language. (9) hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound and more generally understood than most other technicalities. (10) the special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. (11) and the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political sciences and in the mechanic arts. (12) yet, every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. (13) new terms are coined with the greatest freedom and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. (14) most of the new coinages are confined to special discussion and seldom get into general literature or co

　　nverSATion.

　　(15) yet no profession is now a days as all professions once were a closed guild. (16) the lawyer, the physician, the man of science, and the cleric, associate freely with his fellow creatures by not meeting them in a merely professional way. (17) furthermore, what is called popular science makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. (18) any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, would be reported in the newspapers, as in the case of the roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy.

　　1.what word should be added before the sentence 2, to link to the sentence 1?

　　although

　　such

　　relatively

　　consequently

　　furthermore

　　2.in context, which is the best revision to the underlined portion of sentence 6 (reproduced below)?

　　add "in addition to" before farming

　　delete the word "and" used before "other"

　　change "had" to "have"

　　remove the comma between "times" and "the"

　　delete the word "that"

　　3.which of the following is the best way to revise the underlined portion of sentence 15 (reproduced below)?

　　as it is now

　　associate freely with his fellow creatures, but not meeting them in a merely professional way.

　　associate freely with his fellow creatures, and not meeting them in a merely professional way.

　　associate freely with their fellow creatures, but not meeting them in a merely professional way.

　　associate freely with their fellow creatures, not meeting them in a merely professional way.

　　4.sentence 10 would make the most sense if placed after:

　　sentence 9

　　sentence 11

　　sentence 8

　　sentence 12

　　sentence 13

　　5.which of the following sentences should be added after sentence 13 in order to link the last paragraph to the rest of the essay?

　　the reason being the technical vocabulary is difficult to understand.

　　however, literature incorporated different words from different vocations.

　　sometimes, these newly developed words spread across different professions or trades.

　　even though, newly developed words were not part of the profession, they are part of literature.

　　occasionally, the literature and profession has similar words.

　　答案及解析：

　　1. b

　　solution explanation

　　sentence 1 describes the "technical vocabulary" and its use. since sentence 2 is also referring to the" vocabulary and jargon", using "such" articulates that connection and makes the reference clear.

　　hence answer option b is correct.

　　2. c

　　solution explanation

　　the tense of the verb used before the word "occupied" should be changed. using the verb tense "had occupied" implies that farming and fishing do not still employ great numbers of men, which is inaccurate. we know that farming and fishing still occupy large numbers of people today, therefore the verb tense "have occupied" is more appropriate; it implies that that is has been the case in the past and is still the case today. therefore, answer option c is the best answer to the sentence 6. other options a, b, d, and e are irrelevant.

　　3. e

　　solution explanation

　　the underlined portion of the sentence is talking about four different professions. therefore, using "their" is more appropriate compared to "his".

　　given sentence also has two clauses "the lawyer,....with his fellow creatures" and "not meeting them in a merely professional way". these two clauses are not contradictory to each other.

　　hence, using "but" is not appropriate.

　　answer choice e connects the two parts of the sentence with continuity. therefore, option e is the correct answer.

　　4. b

　　solution explanation

　　the sentence 10 would make the most sense if placed after sentence 11.

　　sentence 10 says "every vocation possesses a large body of technical terms" and sentence 11 says "the proportion has been much increased". therefore, sentence 11 refers to "large body of technical terms" in sentence 10.

　　so, the option b is the right answer. options a, c, d, and e are wrong.

　　5. c

　　solution explanation

　　sentence 13 talks about "newly developed words, which were not part of literature" and the last paragraph gives details about various professions. therefore, the sentence should connect "newly developed words" or "literature" to "professions".

　　out of all options, option c is the correct answer.

　　option a is an ambiguous statement.

　　option b or d have completely unrelated meanings. therefore, they are wrong.

　　although option e incorporates "literature" and "profession", it does not act as a connecting statement.

　　hence, option c is the correct answer.

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