SAT文法知识系列栏目说明：每期分享3-5个文法知识点，帮助大家更好地备考SAT。

一、连接词

1. 含义：

主要考察连词的句内关系和副词的句间关系。

2. 类型：

(1) 副词的句间关系：反义关系

① 转折关系 

1) 一般转折：however（18.06NA Q22）, notwithstanding, after all毕竟, in a surprising twist，nevertheless, nonetheless, of course

2) 相反含义的转折：instead (of), fortunately（16.10AS Q10）, rather(18.10 AS Q1)，otherwise

② 对比关系

1) by(in) contrast, on the other hand, in contrary to

3.  用法

(1) 句间关系副词：反义关系

由于句间关系词将上下句连接起来，在反义关系中，重点看前后句的逻辑关系。

1) 一般转折：上下句说的是一件事，表示轻微转折；

2) 相反含义的转折：下句否定了上句;

3) 对比：上下句说的是相反的两件事；

例如1：可汗57篇32页第7题

Although this fungus is widespread in the United States, boreal chorus frog populations in Colorado have high survival rates and appear to not be seriously affected by the disease. However, classifying a particular species as robust can be somewhat difficult.

解析：上句说尽管这种真菌在美国广泛传播，但在科罗拉多的青蛙的数量有更高的生产率并且不会被这种疾病严重影响，表达了正面的意思；而下句说把一种物种分类为强健的是有些困难的，表达了负面的意思，所以符合下句否定上句，所以句间关系用however。

真题检测

真题检测 1

(17-12AS Q26) Ordinary cosmic rays, whose energies are typically measured in the hundreds or thousands of ergs rather than the millions, are thought to be produced by shock waves created when massive stars in our galaxy, the Milky Way, explode as supernovae. Nevertheless, UHECRs with energies of 90 million ergs or greater, such as the cosmic ray detected by the Fly’s Eye, are thought to originate somewhere else.

A. NO CHANGE

B. On the other hand, 

C. In fact,

D. As a result, 

解析：通过题中的nevertheless看出是副词的考点，根据“上下句说的是相反的两件事”的原则判断是对比关系。上句的ordinary描述的是普通射线，而下句UHECRs有90 million ergs描述的与上句显然不是一个量级的，符合对比关系的判断条件；而nevertheless然而、in fact事实上和as a result与之相比这三项都不符合句意，所以选B。

注：17-12AS Q26指2076年12月亚太的第26题，下同。

真题检测 2

(16-10AS Q10) Other agencies are working to preserve the functionality of satellite system, the recommend having a backup system ready to launch if necessary. Consequently, statisticians surmise that an occurrence as severe as the Carrington event is likely a once-in-a-half-millennium event.

A. NO CHANGE

B. Fortunately,

C. Thus, 

D. As a matter of fact,

解析：通过题中的consequently看出是副词的考点，上句提到了保护措施，而下句说专家推测很长时间都不会发生，所以根据“上下句说的是一件事，表示轻微转折”的原则判断是转折关系。；而consequently=thus结果是和as a matter of fact事实上这三项都不符合句意，所以选B。

真题检测 3

(18-10AS Q1) However, the theremin was not originally invented for film or to create a sense of unease; for example, its inventor, Leon Theremin, envisioned the device as a substitution in order to replace traditional instruments like the violin.

A. NO CHANGE

B. rather,

C. namely, 

D. nonetheless,

解析：通过题中的for example看出是副词的考点，上句说到起初不是用于发明电影，下句说用作传统乐器的取代，符合“上下句说的是相反的两件事”的判断原则，所以是对比关系。而for example举例、namely也就是和nonetheless然而这三项都不符合句意，所以选B。

真题检测 4

(18-05AS Q32) In the definition for “pictorial”, a term created by Sir Thomas Browne, Johnson describe the word as one “not adopted by other writer, but elegant and useful.” By the same token, the word “writative” which Johnson had found in the letters of Alexander Pole, was not even granted a definition.

A. NO CHANGE

B. On the other hand,

C. For example,

D. Nevertheless, 

解析：通过题中的by the same token看出是副词的考点，上句说到作者喜欢 “pictorial”这个词，并且给了定义，但下句的“writative”这个词作者没有给定义，根据“上下句说的是相反的两件事”的原则判断是对比关系。而by the same token相同的、for example举例和nevertheless然而这三项都不符合句意，所以选B。

真题检测 5

(18-06NA Q22) He is on to the fact that, since abstract art isn’t overtly political, abstraction is sometimes considered to be at odds with traditional expectations of African American artists. Whitney, finally, does aim to provoke thought and reflection “With my work,” he said in a 2008 interview, “I want people to ask difficult questions.”

A. NO CHANGE

B. therefore,

C. in other words, 

D. however,

解析：通过题中的finally看出是副词的考点，上句说抽象艺术不具有很强的政治特征，而是与黑人作品有冲突，而下句说Whitney想让人们思考并问一些难题，与传统的思考是不同的，而根据“上下句说的是一件事，表示轻微转折”的原则判断是转折关系。而finally最终、therefore结果和in other words换句话说这三项都不符合句意，所以选D。