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SAT文法知识系列栏目说明:每期分享3-5个文法知识点,帮助大家更好地备考SAT。
一、标点符号
1. 含义:
句中的标点符号使用要规范。
2. 类型:
(1)分号和句号符号
3. 用法
分号
(1)连接两个独立句,并且分号后不能是短语。
① 独立句:包含简单句(有一套完成的主语、谓语和宾语的句子)和主从句(有一个主句+一个或多个从句的句子)。
例句1: Tom is a student; he studies SAT.
解析:本句中两个独立的简单句,与分号搭配。
例句2: Tom is a student; he studies SAT, which is accepted by most US universities.
解析:本句的分号连接了一个简单句和一个主从句,其中从句由which引导。
例句3: Tom is a student; he studying SAT. ❌
解析:分号后面的studying是非谓语动词,所以分号后面是短语,不是独立句。
改法:句中studying可以改为例句1的谓语动词studies。
(2)连接两个从句,第二从句由副词引导。
例句4: I used to clean house in the summer because the money was good; however, I did not receive people’s respect.
解析:分号之前是because引导的原因状语从句,而由于however是副词,不能单独分隔句子,所以与分号搭配,分隔前后两句。
(3)在使用逗号的情况下,使用分号来分开一系列的举例。
例句5: Up to November 27th, the points of Group A of FIFA World Cup 2022 were as follows: Netherlands, 4; Ecuador, 4; Senegal, 3; Qatar, 1.
解析:本句说的是2022年卡塔尔世界杯A组四个国家小组赛积分情况,其中荷兰4分、厄瓜多尔4分、塞内加尔3分、卡塔尔1分。很明显四个国家是并列关系,而每个国家对应一个积分,所以国家与积分之间用逗号隔开,而一个国家以及其积分是一个整体,所以四个整体用分号隔开。
题目检测
题目检测 1
The Qatar team lost the World Cup opening game, their players were sad after that game.
A. NO CHANGE
B. Cup opening game;
C. ,Cup opening game,
D. Cup opening game:
解析:通过逗号看出是标点符号的考点,根据“分号连接两个独立句”的原则,排除A和C项;再根据句意判断前后句是并列关系,所以不是解释关系,所以排除含有冒号的D项,所以选B。
题目检测 2
Peter Watson is a talented artist, he is making sketches for his next painting.
A. NO CHANGE
B. ; he making
C. ; he is making
D. , he is making,
解析:通过逗号看出是标点符号的考点,根据“分号连接两个独立句”的原则,排除A和D项;而B项虽然用了分号,但第二句用了非谓语动词making,所以是段意,而根据“分号后不加短语”的原则,排除B项,所以选C。
题目检测 3
China, one of the fast growing countries in the world, achieved their goals one by one because they followed their 5-year plans, thus, this is the reason that the developing countries wants to learn their successful ways from them.
A. NO CHANGE
B. plans. Thus this is the reason
C. plans: thus, this is the reason
D. plans; thus, this is the reason
解析:通过逗号看出是标点符号的考点,根据“在使用逗号的情况下,使用分号来分开一系列的举例”的原则,排除A项;再根据“副词后加逗号”的原则,排除B项;C项冒号虽然也可以分隔句子,但前后并不是解释关系,所以排除C项,所以选C。
题目检测 4
Up to November 27th, the points of Group B of FIFA World Cup 2022 are as follows: England, 4; Iran, 3; USA, 3; Wales, 1.
A. NO CHANGE
B. England, 4, Iran, 3, USA, 3, Wales, 1.
C. England; 4; Iran; 3; USA; 3; Wales; 1.
D. England 4; Iran 3; USA 3; Wales 1.
解析:本句说的是2022年卡塔尔世界杯B组四个国家小组赛积分情况,其中英格兰4分、伊朗3分、美国3分、威尔士1分。很明显四个国家是并列关系,而每个国家对应一个积分,所以国家与积分之间用逗号隔开,而一个国家以及其积分是一个整体,所以四个整体用分号隔开。通过逗号看出是标点符号的考点,根据“在使用逗号的情况下,使用分号来分开一系列的举例”的原则,B项全逗号、C项和D项全分号均不符合以上的分析及原则,所以排除B/C/D项,所以选A。