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什么是介词?
介词是一种用来表示词与词,或者词与句之间的关系的词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词一定要有宾语,充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或从句。
一、 介词的种类
1.筒单介词,如at, in off, on, by, to, with等。
2.合成介词,如into, inside, within, throughout等。
3.短语介词,如according to, because of, in addition to, in front of , in spite of等。
4.二重介词,如from behind, from among, until after, at about等。
二、介词的宾语
l.名词 Let 's go for a walk along the river. 咱们到江边散散步。
2.代词 He 's standing in front of me. 我站在我前面。
3.形容词 Her pronunciation is fax from perfect. 她的语音远不是完美的。
4.动名词 He ,s good at drawing.他擅长绘画。
5.过去分词 I took it for granted that she was from England.
我还以为她来自英国呢。
【注】过去分词作介词宾语只限于take"'for granted结构和用于regard"'as后。
6.不定式 I had no choice but to lie down.除了躲下夕卜我別无逸择。
She did nothing but cry.她只是哭。
【注】介词后通常是不能用不定式作宾语的,只有表示"除……外"的but, except等个別介词能接不定式作宾语。前面有行为动词do时,不定式不用to,否则要带to。
7.疑问词+不定式 I don ,t know how to improve my English.我不知道如何提高我的英语水平。
8.副词 I didn 't know it until recently.直到最近我才知道此事。
9.数词 He was among the first to arrive.他是批到的。
10.介词短语 She won ,t go home until after the exam.她要考完试之后再回家。
11.从句 Think of what I said.想想我说的话。
I ,m worried about where he is.我担心他上哪儿去了 。
I have doubts about whether(不用if) he is the best man for the job.
我怀疑他是否做这项工作的人逸。
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.
他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
【注】除except that, in that等后可接that从句外,通常只接连接代词、连接副词及whether引导的从句,也不接if引导的从句。