11.启承转合
　　1）、启
　　A proverb says...... At present.......
　　As the proverb says.... Currently.....
　　Generally speaking, .... Now,....
　　In general, ..... On the Whole....
　　It is clear that.... Recently.....
　　It is often said that.... Without doubt, .......

　　2）、承
　　First(of all), ...... Moreover, .........
　　Firstly, ............ No one can deny that....
　　In the first place, ......... Obviously.....
　　To begin with, ......... Of course, .........
　　Also, ....... Similarly,.........
　　At the same time...... Therefore, we should realize that.....
　　Certainly...... There is no doubt that.......
　　In addition,..... What`s more, ..........
　　In fact........ It can be easily proved that...
　　Meanwhile......

　　3）、转
　　But... Still, ......
　　But the problem is not so simple...
　　There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to.......
　　However,
　　....... To our surprise,..........
　　Nevertheless, ........ Unfortunately.......
　　On the other hand, .......
　　Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel that........
　　Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I think.....

　　4）、合
　　Above all,   In brief, ........
　　Accordingly, ..... In conclusion, ........
　　All in all, .......
　　In other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion that........
　　As a consequence, ......... In short, .........
　　As I have shown/said/stated/.... In sum, ........
　　In summary, ....... As has been noted, ....
　　Obviously, ......... By so doing, .....
　　On the whole, ..... Consequently, ........
　　Presumably, ....... Eventually, .........
　　To conclude, ...... Finally, ........
　　To sum up, ..... In a word, ......
　　To summarize, ......