阅读量:
在托福阅读考试中,长难句是让许多考生感到头疼的部分。这些句子之所以难以理解,很大程度上是因为它们的复杂结构和丰富的信息量。为了更好地应对这一挑战,我们需要深入了解长难句的难点所在,并掌握相应的阅读技巧。接下来,我们将通过实例分析四种主要的长难句类型,并提供相应的阅读策略。
一、多重修饰
英文中的名词常常会被多个形容词或介词短语修饰,这种多重修饰的结构会让句子显得尤为复杂。阅读时,我们应该从最远离名词的修饰成分开始,逐步向中心靠近。
例句:The book that you gave me yesterday contains many useful tips for improving my English.
分析:这个句子中,“that you gave me yesterday”是一个定语从句,修饰“the book”;“contains many useful tips”是主句的核心部分;“for improving my English”是一个介词短语,用来进一步说明书的内容。阅读时,我们应该先理解定语从句,然后关注主句,最后考虑介词短语。
二、主谓分离
在一些句子中,主语和谓语动词之间可能会有大量的修饰成分,造成主谓之间的距离感,这就是所谓的主谓分离。阅读时,我们应该寻找谓语动词,并将它与主语以及周围的修饰成分联系起来。
例句:In the first place, the proliferation of archaeological discoveries—and this includes some of the world’s innumerable rock art sites that cannot be dated—has served to emphasize a remarkably limited repertoire of subjects.
分析:这个句子的主语是“the proliferation of archaeological discoveries”,而谓语动词是“has served”。主语后面跟着一个长串的介词短语“—and this includes some of the world’s innumerable rock art sites that cannot be dated—”,这个短语是对主语的进一步说明。阅读时,我们应该先找到谓语动词,然后理解整个主语部分。
三、多从句结构
当一个句子中包含多个从句时,它们之间的相互关系可能会变得难以把握。阅读时,我们应该先确定主句,然后分析从句的功能和它们之间的关系。
例句:With researcher J. E. Mosimann, he has co-authored a work in which a computer model showed that in around 300 years, given the right conditions, a small influx of hunters into eastern Beringia 12,000 years ago could have spread across North America in a wave and wiped out game animals to feed their burgeoning population.
分析:这个句子的主句是“he has co-authored a work”,而从句包括一个定语从句“in which a computer model showed”和一个宾语从句“that in around 300 years, given the right conditions, a small influx of hunters into eastern Beringia 12,000 years ago could have spread across North America in a wave and wiped out game animals to feed their burgeoning population”。阅读时,我们应该先理解主句,然后分析从句的内容和它们对主句的贡献。
四、平行结构
平行结构通常由并列连词如“and”或“or”引导,它们要求两个或多个部分在语法上保持一致。阅读时,我们应该注意这些并列的部分,并理解它们之间的关系。
例句:The number of colonies in the study area was not limited by the availability of suitable trees, and a clumped or regular distribution of colonies was not due to an underlying clumped or regular distribution of potential nest sites.
分析:这个句子中有两个并列句,由“and”连接。每个并列句都有两个部分,分别是“The number of colonies in the study area was not limited by the availability of suitable trees”和“a clumped or regular distribution of colonies was not due to an underlying clumped or regular distribution of potential nest sites”。这两个部分在语法上保持一致,都在说殖民地的数量和分布不受某些因素的限制。阅读时,我们应该同时考虑这两个并列句,并理解它们之间的平行关系。
通过以上分析,我们可以看到,托福阅读中的长难句虽然复杂,但通过掌握相应的阅读技巧,我们可以更好地理解它们。通过练习和不断的阅读,我们可以提高对长难句的把握能力,从而在托福阅读考试中取得更好的成绩。