ACT考试阅读词汇——政治篇

　　Virtue：['vɜːtjuː] n. 美德

　　A good quality or way of behaving

　　60E SS Line 4

　　Politics should not try to form the character of cultivate the virtue of its citizens, for to do so would be to “legislate morality.”

　　Cultivate: ['kʌltɪveɪt] v. 培养

　　If you cultivate an attitude, image, or skill, you try hard to develop it and make it stronger or better.

　　60E SS Line 4

　　Politics should not try to form the character of cultivate the virtue of its citizens, for to do so would be to “legislate morality.”

　　Legislate: ['lɛdʒɪslet] v. 立法

　　passes a new law

　　60E SS –20—D

　　The author of the passage claims that the liberal vision of freedom cannot provide liberty because that vision depends too heavily on the concept of legislating morality.

　　Affirm: [ə'fɜːm] v. 断言

　　state firmly and publicly that it is true or exists

　　60E SS Line 4

　　Government should not affirm, through its policies or laws, any particular conception of the good life.

　　Neutral: ['njuːtr(ə)l] adj. 中立的

　　do not support anyone in a disagreement, war, or contest

　　60E SS Line 8

　　It should provide a neutral framework of rights within which people can choose their own values and ends.

　　Liberal: ['lɪbərəl] adj. 自由主义的/n. 自由主义者

　　a lot of political or economic freedom

　　60E SS Line 11

　　Although neutrality derives from the liberal tradition of political thought, its province is not limited to those known as liberals.

　　Liberty: ['lɪbɚti] n. 自由 freedom

　　Central to republican theory is the idea that liberty depends on sharing in self-government.

　　Conservative: [kən'sɝvətɪv] adj. 保守的/n. 保守党人

　　unwilling to accept changes and new ideas

　　60E SS Line 19

　　Conservatives appeal to neutrality when opposing attempts by government to impose certain moral restraints.

　　Republican: [rɪ'pʌblɪkən] adj. 共和国的/ n. 共和主义者

　　60E SS Line 25

　　Republicans have long complained that taxing the rich to pay for welfare programs for the poor is a form of coerced charity that violates people’s freedom to choose what to do with their own money.

　　Democrats: ['dɛməkræt] n. 民主党人

　　a person who believes in the ideals of democracy, personal freedom, and equality

　　(Democracy n. 民主党;Democratic adj. 民主的)

　　60E SS Line 29

　　Democrats have long replied that government must assure all citizens a decent level of income, housing, education and health care.

　　Rival: ['raɪvl] n. 对手/ adj. 竞争的

　　the one you are competing or fighting against

　　60E SS Line 43

　　Its distinctive character can best be seen by comparison with a rival public philosophy that it gradually displaced: a version of republican political theory.

　　Discontent: [dɪskən'tɛnt] n. 不满

　　not satisfied

　　60E SS Line 74

　　This shift sheds light on our present discontent.

　　Concern: [kən'sɝn] v. 使担心/ n. 担心

　　worry

　　60E SS Line 58

　　It requires a knowledge of public affairs and also a sense of belonging, a concern for the whole, a moral bond with the community whose fate is at stake.

　　Constitution: ['kɑnstə'tʊʃən] n. 宪法

　　the system of laws which formally states people's rights and duties

　　60E SS 18- H

　　The aspiration to neutrality is guaranteed by the Constitution and supported by republican theory.

　　Seditious: [sɪˈdɪʃəs] adj. 煽动性的

　　encourage people to fight against or oppose the government

　　63E SS Line 21

　　The idea that an ant or an elephant might have thoughts, images, experiences or beliefs was not just laughable, it was seditious.

　　Donor: [ˈdoʊnər] n. 捐赠者 person who makes a gift of property

　　Donate：[ˈdoʊneɪt] v. 捐赠 give to a charity or good cause

　　63E SS Line 85

　　During his visit to the Central Park Zoo he gave a talk to donors and trsutees.

　　Aspiration：[æspəˈreʃən] n. 渴望

　　desire to achieve things

　　60E SS Line 10

　　The aspiration to neutrality finds prominent expression in our politics and low.

　　Prominent: ['prɒmɪnənt] adj. 突出的

　　important and well-known

　　60E SS Line 10

　　The aspiration to neutrality finds prominent expression in our politics and low.

　　Derive: [dɪ'raɪv] v. 源于

　　get

　　60E SS Line 11

　　Although neutrality derives from the liberal tradition of political thought, its province is not limited to those known as liberals.

　　Disprove：[dɪsˈpruv] v. 反驳

　　prove to be false

　　63E SS Line 90

　　It’s as difficult to disprove animal consciousness as it is to prove it.

　　Oppose: [kən'sɝvətɪv] v. 反对

　　unwilling to accept changes and new ideas

　　60E SS Line 19

　　Conservatives appeal to neutrality when opposing attempts by government to impose certain moral restraints.