transform 改变

　　regardless of 不管；无论

　　sufficient 足够的

　　widespread 广泛传播的

　　virtually 几乎

词汇学习

　　transform  使改变；使变化；改革

　　A steam engine transforms heat into power.蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。

　　[词缀记忆] trans (从一个地方移动到另一个地方) + form (形状)，“从一种形式到另一种形式”，转义为“使变形，变化，改革”。现在很多小孩都喜欢玩“变形金刚”，其英文就是transformer。类似的词汇有：translate翻译；transmit 传播；传染；transfer 调动；transaction交易；transplant移植；transport 运输。switch, shift, transform, alter, convert, modify, change

　　[同义词] 与“变化”有关的词汇：change 变化；alter 改动；shift 转移；switch 转向；transform 变形；modify 修改；convert 变节；vary 相区别；differ 相区别；reform 改革；fluctuate 波动。

　　[实战训练]

　　Some diseases are _____ by certain water animals. 有些疾病是通过某些水里的动物来传播的。

　　A. transplantedB. transformedC. transportedD. transmitted

　　The coming of the railway in the 1830s ____ our social and economic life. 19世纪30年代铁路的到来改变了我们的社会和经济生活。

　　A. transformed B. transported C. transferred D. transmitted

　　regardless 无论；不管

　　[词组] regardless of…无论；不管

　　This organization takes in everybody regardless of his religion and color. 这个组织接纳任何人，不管其宗教和肤色。

　　[词义辨析] regardless of 的意思是“不管，无论”，in spite of 的意思是“虽然，尽管”。

　　[实战训练]

　　I believe that our teacher will take your illness into ______ , for she is very considerable. 我相信老师会考虑到你生病这一事实的，她是个非常体贴的人。

　　A. account B. regardC. observation D. respect

　　He always did well at school ______ having to do part-time jobs every now and then. 虽然他不得不偶尔干些兼职工作，但他的学习成绩一直很好。

　　A. regardless of    B. in spite of C. on account of  D. in case of

　　The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable ________ his financial situation. 目标是让每个有意愿有能力的人都可获得高等教育，无论他的经济状况如何。

　　A. with respect to     B. in accord with     C. regardless of   D. in terms of

　　widespread 分布广的；广泛流传的

　　There is a widespread dissatisfaction among the students with the food on campus. 学生们普遍对学校的饭菜不太满意。

　　[词缀记忆]wide(广阔的)+spread(展开)=widespread

　　[词义辨析]widespread指在许多地方或场合或人们中存在或发生的：the widespread use of chemicals in agriculture(农业领域的广泛运用化学药物)。Wide-ranging指包括的主题、事物或人很多：a wide-ranging discussion(广泛的讨论)；wide-ranging proposals to improve the rail network(意在改进铁路网络状况的多方提议)。Universal指在各种场合都正确或合适的：a universal truth(一个普遍真理/众所周知的事实)

　　[实战训练]

　　As we know, television provides ____ entertainment nowadays. 我们知道，如今电视能提供覆盖面广泛的娱乐节目。

　　A. eternal  B. relative  C. universal D. widespread

　　virtually   实际上；几乎

　　He could get along with virtually no one in the class. 他与班上几乎没人能合得来。

　　[同义词]almost(差不多), nearly(几乎)，in fact(其实)

　　[联想记忆]virtue(美德)，virtual(事实上的)，virtual reality(虚拟现实)

　　[词义辨析]virtually强调很接近，仅有的差别不重要。Almost多用于美式英语，可用于any和其他否定词前(no, nobody, never等)，nearly多见于英式英语，和almost一样，可以用在all, every, everybody等词之前，可以接在not后（almost不行），如：She’s not nearly as pretty as her sister(而不是She’s not almost as …)。

　　[实战训练]

　　The world’s governments have done ________ nothing to combat the threat of nuclear accidents. 世界各国政府几乎没有做什么工作来防范核事故造成的威胁。

　　A. inherently     B. vitally      C. virtually   D. identically

真题练习

　　从以上列表中选择词汇填空，注意形式变化。（答案见文后）

　　1. Storing knowledge in the Internet has obvious advantages. Owing to its __________ unlimited capacity, the Internet can store all knowledge in the world. This makes it quite unnecessary for us to spend that much money constructing the brick-and-mortar libraries. (2017/3/30, 知识存储在网络上是好是坏？)

　　把知识储存在网上有明显的优势。网络的空间几乎是无限的，因此可以储存世界上所有知识，这就让我们没有太大必要去花那么多钱修建实体图书馆了。

　　2. Surrounded by advertisements, we can easily be led to a belief that our life is all about buying things. This __________ consumerism can persuade us into buying many things we do not really need on the one hand, and make us less content with what we have on the other, and crave hopelessly for those unattainable commodities.(2018/2/1,广告对我们生活的影响)

　　被广告所包围的我们，很容易就相信我们的生活就是买东西。这种广泛的消费主义一方面可以说服我们购买许多我们并不真正需要的东西，另一方面也让我们对自己拥有的东西不那么满意，而对那些无法得到的商品孜孜以求。

　　3. The __________ use of new technologies such as the Internet, computers, and smart phones has fundamentally changed the way children spend their free time.(2019/2/14, 新技术改变了孩子们的玩耍方式，这是好还是坏？)

　　互联网、电脑和智能手机等新技术的广泛应用，从根本上改变了儿童利用空闲时间的方式。

　　4. However, traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use. To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers. For example, if __________ (足够的）sky train and underground train system were built and effectively maintained in our major society, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced. (《剑桥雅思》官方范文）

　　5. In conclusion, to achieve development and progress, the government ought to invest in both sciences and humanities. The effect of the investment in sciences may be immediately visible, while it may take a long time for that in humanities to be felt, which means that the government must have the foresight to give __________ support to humanities before it is too late. (2020/12/5, 大多数政府资金应该投入理科教育吗?)

　　总之，为了实现发展和进步，政府应该同时投资于科学和人文学科。科学投资的影响可能会立即显现，而人文方面的投资可能需要很长时间才能感受到，这意味着政府必须有远见，为人文提供足够的支持，否则悔之晚矣。

　　6. In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children. These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways. They are allowed to have whatever they want, __________ price (无论多少价钱）, and to behave as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from. (《剑桥雅思》官方范文）

　　7. Sports stars, if they do not behave properly, may also negatively influence young people. Maradona, who died not long ago, is just a case in point. Arguably the best football player in the world, he did not set a good example to young people by taking drugs and shooting journalists, giving his young admirers a false impression that a star can do anything __________ the law and moral standards. （2020/12/19, 年轻人崇拜负面明星，是好还是坏？)

　　体育明星如果行为不当，也可能对年轻人产生负面影响。不久前去世的马拉多纳就是一个例子。可以说，他是世界上的足球运动员，但他吸毒和枪击记者，没有为年轻人树立良好的榜样，这给他那些年轻的崇拜者一个错误的印象，即一个明星可以做任何事情，而不管法律和道德标准。

　　8. We all know different people have different shopping habits. Now the question is: are these differences in shopping habits __________ caused by the age differences of the shoppers? My personal answer to this question is a definite "yes". (2016/4/30，购物习惯是由年龄决定的吗？）

　　我们都知道不同的人有不同的购物习惯。现在问题是：导致购物习惯不同的主要原因是购物者年龄吗？我个人对这个问题持肯定回答。

　　9. Advertising is, of course, very useful, informing us about what to buy, where to buy and how to buy, but it also has negative effects, especially by __________ what we regard as important in our life.(2018/2/1, 广告对我们生活的影响)

　　广告当然是非常有用的，它告诉我们该买什么，在哪里买，怎样买，但它也有负面影响，尤其是通过改变我们认为在生活中重要的东西。

　　10. Over the past two hundred years, the huge progress achieved in science and technology has significantly __________ our world, but it has never made artists such as painters, musicians, and writers unnecessary in our life. This is, in my view, because arts can give us a lot of things that science and technology cannot. (2020/9/12, 艺术能告诉我们什么？）

　　在过去的两百年里，科学技术的巨大进步极大地改变了我们的世界，但从未使画家、音乐家、作家等艺术家在我们的生活中变得不必要。在我看来，这是因为艺术可以给我们很多科学技术所不能提供的东西。

　　以上例句来自《2016-2020年雅思大作文真题解析及高分范文合集》！更多关于雅思考试的个性化问题敬请咨询新航道官网