阅读量:
Once children start school, teachers have more influence on their intellectual and social development than their parents do.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
【段落示范】(主体部分的第二段)
Teachers have another advantage over parents.
* 第1句是“总述”,告诉读者,老章这一段是要开始说teachers的另一个优势了。
Many of them are regarded as role models or idols by children.
* 第2句是“浓缩概括”说上一句提及的“another advantage”是什么。
This is probably because they train as teaching professionals and their training enables them to have not only the knowledge that makes them the expert in the eye of students but also the charisma that fosters their likeability.
* 第3句是针对上一句的关键“role models”和“idols”进行进一步的细化。这一步细化很有必要,必不可少。因为议论文不能仅仅靠“概念性的认定”来论述,而是更需要解释“具体是什么回事或者为什么是这么回事”。
In the eye of children, their parents have neither, comparing unfavorably with their teachers.
* 第4句是对比,去回应题目中的对比(teachers VS parents)。
We may often hear children’s complaint that their parents are ‘ignorant’ or ‘annoying’.
* 第5句是递进说明“parents compare unfavorably with teachers”的情况。
So, it may be the charm that makes teachers the people who are more influential in children’s intellectual and social development.
* 第6句是在段落内,对这个段落的分论点做一个小总结,形成论证闭环。当然,这一句不是必须有,也可以没有。老章写了,而你只要之前的对比完成,也可以选择不写这一句。
【解析】
一、内容维度(TR):*** 特别重要 ***
* 见行文中批注。
二、文脉逻辑维度(CC):*** 尤其重要 ***
* 见行文中批注。
* 这个段落的第1—3句用了“纵向展开”的论证模式。也就是我们通常说的“总—分”结构。* 第4、5句的内容与之前的内容构成“对比论证”,这两句之间是“递进关系”。
* 在第6句处形成闭环。
三、词汇维度(LR):
文中有颜色区分的词汇,都值得查词典后记忆。尤其需要老章说明的词汇如下:
* train 句中为不及物动词,意思是“接受培训”。不用于这个词的及物动词用法(意思是“去培训(谁)”)。
* likeability 由形容词likeable(意思是“讨喜的”)而来,是个不可数名词,意思是“讨喜(度/的样子)”。
* compare unfavorably with 的意思是“比什么差”,对应的“比什么好”是“compare favorably with”。
* neither是个代词,否定意义,意思是“两者都不”。
四、语法和句型维度(GRA):
* 第3句是个长难句。句子的宏观结构是“主—系—表”。
* 复杂的部分出现在because后,是两个分句“they train as teaching professionals”和“their training enables them … their likeability”并列。
* 其中,复杂部分出现在第二个分句里。有not only … but also … 构成的平行结构。并且在平行的两个部分里都有限定性定语从句。
* 第4句的最后“comparing unfavorably with their teachers”是“伴随状语”。伴随状语的功能如其名—“伴随”,即伴随着主句所说的事情进而发生的事情。